Series – Conceptual Discussions

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Series – Conceptual Discussions – Interactive Videos & Audios

1st Band – Orange Band (27 Chapters)

Chapter – 01 – Introduction to Biology

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Introduction of Biology“

Concept – 02 – It`s About, “Characteristics of Life“?

Concept – 03 – It`s About, “Bioelements“?

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Biological Method“

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Hypothesis & its types“

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Hydroponics culture technique“

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Selective breeding“

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Cloning“

Concept 09 – Its About, `Biological control“

Concept – 10 – Its About, “Pasteurization“

Concept – 11 – It`s About, “Branches of biology “A“`?

Concept – 12 – Its About, “Branches of biology “B“?

Concept – 13 – Its About, “Branches of Biology “C“?

Concept – 14 – Its About, “Branches of biology “D“?

Concept – 15 – Its About, “Branches of biology “E“?

Concept – 16 – Its About, “Branches of biology “F“?

Concept – 17 – Its About, “Branches of biology “G“?

Concept – 18 – Its About, `Levels of biological organization “A“?

Concept – 19 – Its About, “Levels of biological organization “B“?

Concept – 20 – Its About, “Levels of biological organization “C“?

College Biology – 1st Chapter (Subjective + Objective)

MCQs Test – Chapter 01 – Orange Band

Chapter – 02 – Biological Molecules

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Glycosidic Bond“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Amylose & Amylopectin“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Cellulose & Glycogen“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Phospholipids & Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Amino Acids“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Peptide Bonds“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Peptides, Polypeptides & Proteins“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Determination of Protein Structure“.

Concept – 09 – Its About, “Primary & Secondary Structure of Protein“.

Concept – 10 – Its About, “Tertiary & Quaternary Structure of Protein“.

Concept – 11 – Its About, “Fibrous & Globular Proteins“.

Concept – 12 – Its About, “Protein Denaturation“.

College Biology – 2nd Chapter (Subjective + Objective)

MCQs Test – Chapter 02 – Orange Band

Chapter – 03 – Enzymes

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Enzymes & Nomenclature of Enzymes“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Properties of Enzymes“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Active & Allosteric Sites of Enzymes“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Co – Factors of Enzymes“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Activation Energy & Models of Enzyme Action“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “pH & Its Effect on Enzyme Action“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Enzyme Inhibitors“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Zymogens, Abyzymes & Isozymes“.

College Biology – 3rd Chapter (Subjective + Objective)

MCQs Test – Chapter 03 – Orange Band

Chapter – 04 – The Cell

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Cell Membrane – Part – “A“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Cell Membrane – Part – “B“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Cell Membrane – Part – “C“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Cytoplasm“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Endoplasmic Reticulum – Part – “A“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Endoplasmic Reticulum – Part – “B“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Golgi Body – Part – “A“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Golgi Body – Part – “B“.

Concept – 09 – Its About, “Lysosomes – Part – “A“.

Concept – 10 – Its About, “Lysosomes – Part – “B“.

Concept – 11 – Its About, “Lysosomes – Part – “C“.

Concept – 12 – Its About, “Ribosomes“.

Concept – 13 – Its About, “Peroxisomes / Microbodies“.

College Biology – 4th Chapter (Subjective + Objective)

MCQs Test – Chapter 04 – Orange Band

Chapter – 05 – Variety of Life

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Viruses – An Introduction“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Discovery of Virus“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Structure of Virus – Part – “A“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Structure of Virus – Part – “B“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Mechanisms of Viral Entry in Host Cells“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Lytic Cycle of T4 Bacteriophage“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Lysogenic Cycle of Lambda Bacteriophage“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “HIV & AIDS – An Introduction“.

Concept – 09 – Its About, “Life Cycle of HIV“.

Concept – 10 – Its About, “Hepatitis A,B & C“.

Concept – 11 – Its About, “Hepatitis E & D“.

Concept – 12 – Its About, “Diseases Caused by Viruses – Part – “A“.

Concept – 13 – Its About, “Diseases Caused by Viruses – Part – “B“.

College Biology – 5th Chapter (Subjective + Objective)

MCQs Test – Chapter 05 – Orange Band

Chapter – 06 – Kingdom Prokaryotae (Monera)

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Domains of Life“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Cell Theory“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Work of Louis Pasteur & Robert Koch“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Occurrence of Bacteria“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Gram Positive & Gram Negative Bacteria“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Sizes of Bacteria“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Shapes of Bacteria“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Autotrophic Bacteria“.

Concept – 09 – Its About, “Nutrition of Bacteria – Part – “B“.

Concept – 10 – Its About, “Oxygen Spectrum of Bacteria – Part – “A“.

Concept – 11 – Its About, “Oxygen Spectrum of Bacteria – Part – “B“.

Concept – 12 – Its About, “Motility in Bacteria – Part – “A“.

Concept – 13 – Its About, “Motility in Bacteria – Part – “B“.

Concept – 14 – Its About, “Motility in Bacteria – Part – “C“.

College Biology – 6th Chapter (Subjective + Objective)

MCQs Test – Chapter 06 – Orange Band

Chapter – 07 – Kingdom Protista (Protoctista)

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Amoebas – Part – “A“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Amoebas – Part – “B“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Zooflagellates – Part – “A“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Zooflagellates – Part – “B“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Cilliates“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Foraminiferans & Actinopods“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Apicomplexans – Part – “A“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Apicomplexans – Part – “B“.

Concept – 09 – Its About, “Euglenoids“.

Concept – 10 – Its About, “Dinoflagellates“.

Concept – 11 – Its About, “Brown Algae“.

Concept – 12 – Its About, “Red Algae“.

Concept – 13 – Its About, “Green Algae“.

College Biology – 7th Chapter (Subjective + Objective)

MCQs Test – Chapter 07 – Orange Band

Chapter – 08 – Fungi

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Fungi – An Introduction“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Body Structure of Fungi“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Adaptations of Fungi“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Nutrition in Fungi – Part – “A“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Nutrition in Fungi – Part – “B“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Zygomycetes / Conjugating Fungi“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Ascomycetes / Sac Fungi“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Basidiomycetes / Club Fungi“.

Concept – 09 – Its About, “Deutromycetes / Imperfect Fungi“.

College Biology – 8th Chapter (Subjective + Objective)

MCQs Test – Chapter 08 – Orange Band

Chapter – 09 – Kingdom Plantae

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MCQs Series – Topic Wise

Section 9.1 – Introduction of Chapter

Topic – 9.1.1 – Introduction

Section 9.2 – Classification of Kingdom Plantae

Topic – 9.2.1 – Classification

Section 9.3 – Division Bryophyta

Topic – 9.3.1 – Introduction

Topic – 9.3.2 – Adaptations to Land Habitat

Topic – 9.3.3 – Classification (Sub -Divisions of Division Bryophyta) – Given Below

Topic – 9.3.3 A – Hepaticopsida (Liverworts)

Topic – 9.3.3 B – Bryopsida

Topic – 9.3.3 C – Anthoceropsida (Horn Worts)

Topic – 9.3.4 – Alternation of Generations

Topic – 9.3.5 – Significance of Alternation of Generations

Section – 9.4 – Division Tracheophyta

Topic – 9.4.1 – Introduction

Topic – 9.4.2 – Sub – Divisions of Tracheophyta (Given Below)

Topic – 9.4.2 A – Psilopsida (Psilophyta)

Topic – 9.4.2 B – Lycopsida

Topic – 9.4.2 C – Sphenopsida

Topic – 9.4.2. D – Pteropsida (Classes Given Below)

Topic – 9.4.2 D (Class – I) – Filicineae

Topic – 9.4.2 D (Class – II) – Gymnospermae

Topic – 9.4.2 D (Class – III) – Angiospermae

Section – 9.5 – Angiospermic Families

Topic – 9.5.1 – Rosaceae (Rose Family)

Topic – 9.5.2 – Solanaceae (Night Shade or Potato Family)

Topic – 9.5.3 – Fabaceae (Papilionaceae – Pea Family)

Topic – 9.5.4 – Caesalpiniaceae (Cassia Family)

Topic – 9.5.5 – Mimosaceae (Mimosa or Acacia Family)

Topic – 9.5.6 – Poaceae (Gramineae – Grass Family)

College Biology – 9th Chapter (Subjective + Objective)

MCQs Test – Chapter 09 – Orange Band

Chapter – 10 – Kingdom Animalia

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “An Introduction to Kingdom Animalia“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Phylum Porifera“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Phylum Cnidaria“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Phylum Platyhelminthes“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Phylum Nematoda“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Phylum Annelida“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Phylum Arthropoda“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Phylum Mollusca“.

Concept – 09 – Its About, “Phylum Echinodermata“.

Notes – Chapter 10 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 10 – Orange Band

Chapter – 11 – Bioenergetics

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Section 11.1 – Introduction of Chapter

Topic – 11.1.1 – Introduction

Section 11.2 – Photosynthesis (Conversion of Solar Energy into Chemical Energy)

Topic – 11.2.1 – Intro & Photosynthetic Reactants & Products

Topic – 11.2.2 – Water & Photosynthesis

Section 11.3 – Chloroplasts – The Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants

Topic – 11.3.1 – Intro & All About Chloroplasts

Section 11.4 – Photosynthetic Pigments

Topic – 11.4.1 – Intro & Chlorophylls

Topic – 11.4.2 – Carotenoids – Accessary Pigments

Section – 11.5 – Light (The Driving Energy)

Topic – 11.5.1 – Intro & Light (The Driving Energy)

Section – 11.6 – Role of Carbon Dioxide (A photosynthetic reactant)

Topic – 11.6.1 – Intro & All about Role of Carbon Dioxide (a photosynthetic reactant)

Section – 11.7 – Reactions of Photosynthesis

Topic – 11.7.1 – Intro & All About Reactions of Photosynthesis

Topic – 11.7.2 – Light Dependent Reactions

Topic – 11.7.2 A – Non – Cyclic Reactions

Topic – 11.7.2 B – Chemiosmosis

Topic – 11.7.3 – Light Independent Reactions

Section – 11.8 – Respiration

Topic – 11.8.1 – Introduction

Topic – 11.8.2 – Anaerobic Respiration

Topic – 11.8.3 – Aerobic Respiration

Section – 11.9 – Cellular Respiration

Topic – 11.9.1 A – Glycolysis

Topic – 11.9.1 B – Pyruvic Acid Oxidation

Topic – 11.9.1 C – Krebs Cycle / Citric Acid Cycle

Topic – 11.9.1 D – Respiratory Chain

Notes – Chapter 11 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 11 – Orange Band

Chapter – 12 – Nutrition

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Nutrition & Nutrients“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Methods of Feeding in Plants – Part – “A“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Methods of Feeding in Plants – Part – “B“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Methods of Feeding in Animals – Part – “A“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Methods of Feeding in Animals – Part – “B“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Digestion & Egestion in Amoeba“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Digestion & Egestion in Hydra“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Digestion & Egestion in Planaria“.

Notes – Chapter 12 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 12 – Orange Band

Chapter – 13 – Gaseous Exchange

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Respiration & Its Levels“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Gaseous Exchange in Plants“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Gaseous Exchange in Hydra“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Gaseous Exchange in Earthworms“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Gaseous Exchange in Cockroach“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Gaseous Exchange in Fishes“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Gaseous Exchange in Frogs“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Gaseous Exchange in Birds“.

Concept – 09 – Its About, “Gaseous Exchange in Humans“.

Notes – Chapter 13 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 13 – Orange Band

Chapter – 14 – Transport

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Human Heart“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Cardiac Cycle & Heart Beat“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Artries“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Veins“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Capillaries“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Blood Cells – Part – “A“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Blood Cells – Part – “B“ – Wait for uploading (uploading soon)

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Blood Cells – Part – “C“.

Notes – Chapter 14 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 14 – Orange Band

Chapter – 15 – Homeostasis

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Homeostasis & Its Types“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Hypotonic, Hypertonic & Isotonic Environment“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Hydrophytes, Mesophytes & Xerophytes“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Mechanisms of Osmoregulation in Various Environments“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Excretory Products of Animals With Respect to Habitat“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Excretory Systems of Hydra, Planaria, Earthworm & Cockroach“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Urea Cycle“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Kidney Stones & Their Treatment“.

Concept – 09 – Its About, “Dialysis & Kidney Transplant“.

Concept – 10 – Its About, “Ectotherms & Endotherms“.

Concept – 11 – Its About, “Regulation of Body Temperature by Animals“.

Notes – Chapter 15 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 15 – Orange Band

Chapter – 16 – Support & Movement

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Types of Skeleton & Hydrostatic Skeleton“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Exoskeleton“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Endoskeleton“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Human Skeleton – Axial & Appendicular“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Classification of Joints“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Deformities of Human Skeleton“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Bone Fractures – Causes & Treatment“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Types of Muscle Tissues“.

Notes – Chapter 16 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 16 – Orange Band

Chapter – 17 – Coordination & Control

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Biorhythms“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Plant Hormones – Part – “A“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Plant Hormones – Part – “B“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Nervous Coordination & Various Types of Receptors“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Neuron & its Types“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Synapses“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Process of Nerve Impulse Transmission“.

Notes – Chapter 17 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 17 – Orange Band

Chapter – 18 – Reproduction

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Photoperiodism“ – Uploading Soon

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Vernalization“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Reproduction in Animals – Part – “A“

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Reproduction in Animals – Part – “B“

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Reproduction in Animals – Part – “C“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Reproduction in Animals – Part – “D“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Reproduction in Animals – Part – “E“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Plant Tissue Culture“.

Notes – Chapter 18 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 18 – Orange Band

Chapter – 19 – Growth & Development

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Section – 19.1 – Growth & Development in Plants

Topic – 19.1.1 – Introduction

Topic – 19.1.2 – Types of Meristems

Topic – 19.1.3 – Types of Growth

Topic – 19.1.4 – Conditions of Growth (External + Internal Factors)

Topic – 19.1.5 – Differentiation

Topic – 19.1.6 – Growth Correlations

Section – 19.2 – Growth & Development in Animals

Topic – 19.2.1 – Introduction

Topic – 19.2.2 – Development of Chick

Section – 19.3 – Mechanism of Development

Topic – 19.3.1 – Introduction

Topic – 19.3.2 – Role of Cytoplasm & Nucleus in Development

Topic – 19.3.3 – Concept of Differentiation

Topic – 19.3.4 – Embryonic Induction

Topic – 19.3.5 – Aging

Topic – 19.3.6 – Regeneration

Topic – 19.3.7 – Abnormal Development

Notes – Chapter 19 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 19 – Orange Band

Chapter – 20 – Chromosomes & DNA

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “DNA – An Introduction“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Physical Structure of DNA“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Chemical Structure of DNA“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Chargaff`s Rule“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Types of DNA“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Nucleosome Model / Beads on A String Model“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Chromatin & Chromosome“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Morphology of Chromosome“.

Concept – 09 – Its About, “Shapes of Chromosomes“.

Notes – Chapter 20 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 20 – Orange Band

Chapter – 21 – Cell Cycle

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Cell Cycle“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Mitosis“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Importance of Mitosis“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Meiosis“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Importance of Meiosis“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Meiotic Errors (Down`s Syndrome) – Part – “A“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Meiotic Errors (Klinefelter Syndrome) – Part – “B“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Meiotic Errors (Turner`s Syndrome) – Part – “C“.

Concept – 09 – Its About, “Necrosis“.

Concept – 10 – Its About, “Apoptosis“.

Notes – Chapter 21 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 21 – Orange Band

Chapter – 22 – Variations & Genetics

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Section – 22.1 – Genes, Alleles & Gene Pool

Topic – 22.1.1 – Introduction

Topic – 22.1.2 – Gene Pool

Section – 22.2 – Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance

Topic – 22.2.1 – Introduction & The Law of Segregation

Topic – 22.2.2 – Mendel`s Interpretations

Topic – 22.2.3 – Test Cross

Topic – 22.2.4 – Dihybrid Cross & The Law of Independent Assortment

Section – 22.3 – Dominance Relations

Topic – 22.3.1 – Complete, Incomplete, Co & Over Dominance

Section – 22.4 – Blood Group Systems

Topic – 22.4.1 – MN Blood Group System

Topic – 22.4.2 – ABO Blood Group System

Topic – 22.4.3 – Rh Blood Group System

Topic – 22.4.4 – Erythroblastosis Foetalis

Topic – 22.4.5 – Epistasis & Bombay Phenotype

Topic – 22.4.6 – Pleiotropy

Section – 22.5 – Continuously Varying Traits

Topic – 22.5.1 – Qualitative & Quantitative Traits

Section – 22.6 – Linkages & Crossing Overs

Topic – 22.6.1 – Gene Linkage

Topic – 22.6.2 – Crossing Over

Section – 22.7 – Sex Determination Systems

Topic – 22.7.1 – Sex Chromosomes

Topic – 22.7.2 – Patterns of Sex Determination

Topic – 22.7.3 – Sex Determination in Plants

Section – 22.8 – Sex Linkages

Topic – 22.8.1 – Sex Linkage in Drosophila

Topic – 22.8.2 – Sex Linkage in Humans

Topic – 22.8.3 – Genetics of Color Blindness

Topic – 22.8.4 – Sex Limited & Sex Influenced Traits

Topic – 22.8.5 – Diabetes Mellitus & Its Genetic Basis

Notes – Chapter 22 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 22 – Orange Band

Chapter – 23 – Biotechnology

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction / Molecular Photocopying)“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Sanger DNA Sequencing / Chain Termination Method“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Genomic Library“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Gene Therapy“.

Notes – Chapter 23 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 23 – Orange Band

Chapter – 24 – Evolution

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Evolution – An Introduction“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Process of Evolution of Prokaryotes“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Process of Evolution of Eukaryotes“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Lamarckism“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Darwin – Part – “A“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Darwin – Part – “B“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Darwin – Part – “C“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Darwin – Part – “D“.

Concept – 09 – Its About, “Evidences of Evolution“.

Concept – 10 – Its About, “Hardy Weinberg Theorem“.

Concept – 11 – Its About, “Factors Affecting Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium“.

Concept – 12 – Its About, “Endangered & Extinct Species“.

Notes – Chapter 24 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 24 – Orange Band

Chapter – 25 – Ecosystem

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Ecosystem & It`s Components“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Biosphere“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Ecology“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Food Chain, Food Web & Trophic Levels“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Ecological Succession“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Predation & Grazing“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Symbiosis“.

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Nitrogen Cycle“.

Notes – Chapter 25 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 25 – Orange Band

Chapter – 26 – Some Major Ecosystems

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Hydrospheric Ecosystem“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Zones of Freshwater Lake“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Eutrophication“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Tropical Forests“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Temperate Decidous Forests“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Coniferous Alpine & Boreal Forests“.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Grassland Ecosystem“.

MCQs Test – Chapter 26 – Orange Band

Chapter – 27 – Man & His Environment

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Concept – 01 – Its About, “Renewable Resources – Part – “A“.

Concept – 02 – Its About, “Renewable Resources – Part – “B“.

Concept – 03 – Its About, “Renewable Resources – Part – “C“.

Concept – 04 – Its About, “Non – Renewable Resources“.

Concept – 05 – Its About, “Degradation & Depletion of Resources“.

Concept – 06 – Its About, “Population Explosion, Population Pressure & Demography “.

Concept – 07 – Its About, “Deforestation, Reforestation & Afforestation“

Concept – 08 – Its About, “Ozone Depletion“

Concept – 09 – Its About, “Green House Effect“

Concept – 10 – Its About, “Acid Rain“

Notes – Chapter 27 – Orange Band – PDF

MCQs Test – Chapter 27 – Orange Band

2nd Band – Green Band (29 Chapters)

Chapter 01 – Zoology – An Evolutionary & Ecological Perspective

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Section 1.1 – Zoology – An Evolutionary Perspective

Topic 01 – Evolutionary Processes

Topic 02 – Animal Classification & Evolutionary Relationships

Section 1.2 – Zoology – An Ecological Perspective

Topic 01 – World Resources & Endangered Animals

Topic 01A – Population

Topic 1B – Wild Resources

Topic 1C – Solutions

MCQs Test – Chapter 01 – Green Band

Chapter 02 – Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems of Animals

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Section 2.1 – What are cells

Section 2.2 – Why are most cells small

Section 2.3 – Cell Membranes

Topic 01 – Structure of Cell Membranes

Topic 02 – Functions of Cell Membranes

Section 2.4 – Movement Across Membranes

Topic 01 – Simple Diffusion

Topic 02 – Facilitated Diffusion

Topic 03 – Osmosis

Topic 04 – Filtration

Topic 05 – Active Transport

Topic 06 – Bulk Transport

Section 2.5 – Cytoplasm, Organelles & Other Cellular Components

Topic 03 – Endoplasmic Reticulum

Topic 01 – Cytoplasm

Topic 02 – Ribosomes

Topic 04 – Golgi Complex

Topic 05 – Lysosomes

Topic 06 – Microbodies

Topic 07 – Mitochondria

Topic 08 – Cytoskeleton

Topic 09 – Cillia & Flagella Movement

Topic 10 – Centrioles

Topic 11 – Vacuoles

Topic 12 – Vaults

Topic 13 – Exosomes

Section – 2.6 – The Nucleus: Information Center

Topic 01 – Nuclear Envelope

Topic 02 – Chromosomes

Topic 03 – Nucleolus

Section 2.7 – Levels of Organization in Various Animals

Section 2.8 – Tissues

Topic 01 – Epithelial Tissues

Topic 02 – Connective Tissues

Topic 03 – Nervous Tissues

Topic 04 – Muscle Tissues

Sction 2.9 – Organs

Section 2.10 – Organ Systems

MCQs Test – Chapter 02 – Green Band

Chapter 03 – Cell Division & Inheritance

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Section – 3.1 – Eukaryotic Chromosomes

Topic 01 – Sex Chromosomes & Autosomes

Topic 02 – Number of Chromosomes

Section 3.2 – The Cell Cycle & Mitotic Cell Division

Topic 01 – Interphase (Replicating the Heredity Material)

Topic 02 – M – Phase: Mitosis

Topic 03 – M – Phase: Cytokinesis

Section 3.3 – Meiosis: The Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Topic 01 – The First Meiotic Division

Topic 02 – The Second Meiotic Division

Topic 03 – Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis

Section 3.4 – DNA: The Genetic Material

Topic 01 – The Double Helix Model

Topic 02 – DNA Replication in Eukaryotes

Topic 03 – Genes in Action

Topic 03A – Three Major Kinds of RNA

Topic 3B – The Genetic Code

Topic 03C – Transcription

Topic 3D – Translation

Topic 04 – Changes in DNA & Chromosomes

Topic 4A – Point Mutations

Topic 4B – Variation in Chromosome Number

Topic 4C – Variation in Chromosome Structure

Section 3.5 – Inheritance Patterns in Animals

Topic 02 – Independent Assortment

Topic 01 – Segregation

Topic 03 – Other Inheritance Patterns

Topic 04 – Molecular Basis of Inheritance

MCQs Test – Chapter 03 – Green Band

Chapter 04 – Evolution: History and Evidence

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Section – 4.1 – Pre-darwinian theories of change

Section 4.2 – Darwin’s Early Years and His Journey

Topic 01 – Voyage of the HMS Beagle

Section 4.3 – Early Development of Darwin’s Ideas of Evolution

Topic 01 – Early Development of Darwin’s Ideas of Evolution

Topic 02 – Fossil Evidence

Topic 03 – Galápagos Islands

Section 4.4 – The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

Topic 01 – Natural Selection

Topic 02 – Adaptation

Topic 03 – Alfred Russel Wallace

Section 4.5 – Microevolution, Macroevolution, and Evidence of Macroevolutionary Change

Topic 03 – Analogy and Homology

Topic 01 – Biogeography

Topic 02 – Plaeontology

Topic 03A – Comparative anatomy

Topic 3B – Developmental Patterns

Topic 03C – Molecular Biology

Topic 04 – Interpreting the Evidence: Phylogeny and Common Descent

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Chapter 05 – Evolution and Gene Frequencies

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Section 5.1 – Populations & Gene Pools

Section 5.2 – Must Evolution Occur?

Topic 01 – The Hardy Weinberg Theorem

Section 5.3 – Evolutionary Mechanisms

Topic 01A – The Founder Effect

Topic 01 – Genetic Drift

Topic 01B – The Bottleneck Effect

Topic 02 – Gene Flow

Topic 03 – Mutation

Topic 04 – Natural Selection Reexamined (Detail Below)

Topic 4A – Modes of Selection

Topic 4B – Naturalist / Selectionist Controversy

Topic 05 – Balanced Polymorphism & Heterozygote Superiority

Section 5.4 – Species & Speciation

Topic 01 – Allopatric Speciation

Topic 02 – Parapatric Speciation

Topic 03 – Sympatric Speciation

Section 5.5 – Rates of Evolution

Section 5.6 – Molecular Evolution

Topic 01 – Gene Duplication

Section 5.7 – Mosaic Evolution

MCQs Test – Chapter 05 – Green Band

Chapter 06 – Animals and their Abiotic Environment

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Section 6.1 – Animals & Their Abiotic Environment

Topic 03 – Other Abiotic Factors

Topic 01 – Energy

Topic 02 – Temperature

Section 6.2 – Biotic Factors: Populations

Topic 01 – Population Growth

Topic 02 – Population Regulation

Topic 03 – Intraspecific Competition

Section 6.3 – Biotic Factors – Interspecific Interactions

Topic 01 – Herbivory & Predation

Topic 02 – Interspecific Competition

Topic 03 – Co-Evolution

Topic 04 – Symbiosis

Topic 05 – Other Interspcific Interactions

Section 6.4 – Communities

Topic 01 – The Ecological Niche

Topic 02 – Community Stability

Section 6.5 – Trophic Structure of Ecosystems

Section 6.6 – Cycling Within Ecosystems

Section 6.7 – Ecological Problems

Topic 01 – Human Population Growth

Topic 2A – Earth`s Resources Too Big to Let Fail? – Biodiversity

Topic 02B – Nitrogen & Phosphorous

Topic 02C – Climate Change & Ocean Acidification

Topic 02D – Land & Freshwater Use

Topic 2E – Ozone Depletion

MCQs Test – Chapter 06 – Green Band

Chapter 07 – Animal Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Organization

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Section 7.1 – Taxonomy & Phylogeny

Topic 01 – A taxonomic Hierarchy

Topic 02 – Nomenclature

Topic 03 – Molecular Approaches to Animal Systematics

Topic 04 – Domains & Kingdoms

Topic 05 – Animal Systematics

Topic 05A – Phylogenetic Systematics & Cladistics

Topic 05B – Evolutionary Systematics

Topic 05C – The Debate: Cladistics or Evolutionary Systematics

Section 7.2 – Patterns of Organization

Topic 1A – Other Pattrens of Organization – The Unicellular (cytoplasmic) Level of Organization

Topic 01 – Symmetry

Topic 1B – Diploblastic Organization

Topic 1C – Triploblastic Organization

Section 7.3 – Higher Animal Taxonomy

MCQs Test – Chapter 07 – Green Band

Chapter 08 – Animal-Like Protists: The Protozoa

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Section 8.1 – Evolutionary Perspective of The Protists

Section 8.2 – Life Within a Single Plasma Membrane

Topic 01 – Maintaining Homeostasis

Topic 02 – Introduction

Section 8.3 – Symbiotic Lifestyles

Section 8.4 – Protists & Protozon Taxonomy

Topic 01 – Super Group Excavata (Fornicata, Parabasalia, Euglenozoa)

Topic 02 – Super Group Amoebozoa (Tubulinea, Acanthamoebida, Entamoebida)

Topic 03 – Super Group Rhizaria (Foraminifera, Radiolaria)

Topic 04 – Super Group Chromalveolata (Sub Group Alveolata)

Section 8.5 – Further Phylogenetic Considerations

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Chapter 09 – Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization

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Section 9.1 – Evolutionary Perspective

Topic 01 – Origins of Multicellularity

Topic 02 – Animal Origins

Section 9.2 – Phylum Porifera

Topic 01 – Cell Types, Body Wall & Skeletons

Topic 02 – Water Currents & Body Forms

Topic 03 – Maintenance Functions

Topic 04 – Reproduction

Section 9.3 – Phylum Cnidaria

Topic 01 – Body Wall & Nematocysts

Topic 02 – Alternation of Generations

Topic 03 – Maintenance Functions

Topic 04 – Reproduction

Topic 05 – Class Hydrozoa

Topic 06 – Class Staurozoa

Topic 07 – Class Scyphozoa & Cubozoa

Topic 08 – Class Anthozoa

Section 9.4 – Phylum Ctenophora

Section 9.5 – Further Phylogenetic Considerations

MCQs Test – Chapter 09 – Green Band

Chapter 10 – The Smaller Lophotrochozoan Phyla

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MCQs Test – Chapter 10 – Green Band

Chapter 11 – Molluscan Success

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MCQs Test – Chapter 11 – Green Band

Chapter 12 – Annelida: The Metameric Body Form

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Series MCQs

Chapter 13 – The Smaller Ecdysozoan Phyla

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Series MCQs